Discrimination parole/musique et étude de nouveaux paramètres et modèles pour un système d'identification du locuteur dans le contexte de conférences téléphoniques

La mise en oeuvre de systèmes de compréhension automatique de parole pouvant fonctionner dans des conditions réelles implique de reproduire certaines aptitudes de l'être humain. Outre les aptitudes à comprendre la parole même lorsqu'elle est corrompue par du bruit, nous sommes capables de tenir une conversation impliquant plusieurs interlocuteurs. Ce dernier point est lié au fait que nous identifions implicitement les interlocuteurs. Cette caractérisation du locuteur nous permet par exemple de réaliser des conversations téléphoniques en mode conférence. En plus de la reconnaissance du vocabulaire ou de l'identification du locuteur, on est également capable de distinguer les séquences de la musique (en alternance, en arrière plan, etc.) qui peuvent apparaître lorsqu'un des correspondants se place en mode attente. En partant de ce contexte, on s'est intéressé à développer un système capable d'une part de discriminer entre les séquences de Parole/Musique et d'autre part d'identifier le locuteur dans des conditions téléphoniques fonctionnant en mode conférence avec une variabilité des combinés. Autrement dit, cette thèse s'intéresse à deux sujets du domaine du traitement de la parole. Le premier sujet porte sur la recherche de nouveaux paramètres pour améliorer les performances des algorithmes qui identifient les locuteurs en mode téléphonique. Le deuxième sujet est consacré à la proposition de nouvelles approches en discrimination de la parole, de la musique et de la musique chantée. En discrimination du locuteur, on présentera une première étude visant à caractériser le locuteur par des paramètres AM-FM synchrones à la glotte, extraits à la sortie d'un banc de filtres cochléaires. L'objectif visé est de trouver de nouveaux paramètres plus robustes aux bruits et à la variabilité des combinés téléphoniques. Comme résultats, on a obtenu des scores presque similaires entre le système proposé et le système de référence. Les meilleures performances ont été enregistrées lorsque le système utilise une architecture parallèle composée de deux reconnaisseurs qui se basent respectivement sur les paramètres MFCC et AM-FM. Dans le même cadre, on s'est intéressé à proposer une nouvelle technique de modélisation qui tient compte de la dépendance temporelle entre la source d'excitation et le conduit vocal. Avec les tests de courtes durées, on a obtenu de meilleures performances en comparaison à l'approche classique. Cependant, quand on augmente la durée de test, on obtient presque les mêmes performances pour tous les systèmes proposés. En discrimination Parole/Musique, on a proposé deux systèmes, le premier utilise trois modèles paramétriques entraînés respectivement pour la parole, la musique et la musique chantée sans effectuer aucune normalisation sur les vecteurs paramètres. Sur une durée test de 100 ms, on a obtenu un taux de reconnaissance en moyenne de 93,77%. Le deuxième système ne requiert aucun entraînement et se base simplement sur un seuil pour effectuer la classification

Détection de la double parole dans le contexte de radiotéléphone main-libre en véhicule

L'environnement très bruité, le couplage du haut parleur (HP) avec le microphone, ainsi que le problème de gain du HP dans un contexte de radio mobile en véhicule font l'objet de plusieurs travaux en télécommunications. Des algorithmes pour réduire le bruit et pour annuler l'écho (A.E) ont été proposés dans la littérature scientifique. En général, tous les algorithmes d'annulation d'écho sont basés sur des filtres à coefficients adaptatifs qui fonctionnent assez bien. Cependant, la façon d'adapter les coefficients influence terriblement les performances. Nous proposons ici une technique qui permet de mieux détecter les moments de mises à jour des coefficients des filtres (paramètres). Normalement, ces filtres ne doivent pas être adaptés lorsque le locuteur local parle (locuteurs installés en véhicule). On a généralement recourt à des algorithmes à base d'énergie afin de séparer la voix du locuteur local de celle du correspondant lointain. Nous proposons une technique, qui au lieu de l'énergie, utilise un détecteur de hauteur tonale (D.H.T) et qui est basé sur un modèle auditif (Rouat et al., Speech Comm. Jour., 1997). Ce DHT est introduit en cascade avec le filtre auto-regressif (A.R.) déjà inclus dans le système. Conjointement, le DHT et le filtre A.R. nous ont permis d'annuler le fondamental, les composantes harmoniques et la contribution vocale du locuteur lointain sur le canal microphone

Safer hybrid workspace using human-robot interaction while sharing production activities

In a near future, human and industrial manipulator will work together sharing a common workspace and production activities leading to a potential increase of accident. The research project concerns the adaptation of industrial robot already installed in a flexible manufacturing system in order to make it more interactive with human. The aim concerns the reduction of potential risk of injuries while working with an industrial robot. This paper presents a new inexpensive, non-intrusive, non-invasive, and non-vision-based system, for human detection and collision avoidance. One method investigated for improving safety concerns planning of safe path. This system recognizes human activities and locates operator's position in real time through an instrumented safety helmet. This safety helmet includes an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and an indoor localization system such as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) using industrial wireless equipment. A hybrid workspace including a flexible manufacturing system has been designed in order to practice experiments in an industrial-like environment

A Smart Safety Helmet using IMU and EEG sensors for analysis of worker’s fatigue

It is known that head gesture and mental states can reflect some human behaviors related to a risk of accident when using machine-tools. The research works presented in this paper aim to reduce the number of injury and thus increase worker safety. Instead using camera, this paper presents a Smart Safety Helmet (SSH) in order to track head gestures and mental states of worker able to recognize anomalous behavior. Information extracted from SSH is used for computing risk level of accident (a safety level) for preventing and reducing injury or accidents. The SSH system is an inexpensive, non-intrusive, non-invasive, and non-vision-based system, which consists of 9DOF Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and dry EEG electrodes. A haptic device, such as vibrotactile motor, is integrated to the helmet in order to alert the operator when computed risk level (fatigue, high stress or error) reach a threshold. Once the risk level of accident breaks the threshold, a signal will be sent wirelessly to stop the relevant machine tool or process

Computer-assisted aircraft anti-icing fluids endurance time determination

Deicing and anti-icing the aircraft using proper chemical fluids, prior takeoff, are mandatory. A thin layer of ice or snow can compromise the safety, causing lift loss and drag increase. Commercialized deicing and anti-icing fluids all pass a qualification process which is described in Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) documents. Most of them are endurance time tests under freezing and frozen contaminants, under simulated and natural conditions. They all have in common that the endurance times have to be determined by visual inspection. When a certain proportion of the test plate is covered with contaminants, the endurance time test is called. In the goal of minimizing human error resulting from visual inspection and helping in the interpretation of fluid failure, help-decision computer-assisted algorithms have been developed and tested under different conditions. The algorithms are based on common image processing techniques. The algorithms have been tested under three different icing conditions, water spray endurance test, indoor snow test and light freezing rain tests, and were compared to the times determined by three experimented technicians. A total of 14 tests have been compared. From them, 11 gave a result lower than 5% of the results given by the technicians. In conclusion, the computer-assisted algorithms developed are efficient enough to support the technicians in their failure call. However, further works need to be performed to improve the analysis

Reproducing Transformers’ Frequency Response from Finite Element Method (FEM) Simulation and Parameters Optimization

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is being employed worldwide as one of the main methods for the internal condition assessment of transformers due to its capability of detecting mechanical changes. Nonetheless, the objective interpretation of FRA measurements is still a challenge for the industry. This is mainly attributable to the lack of complete data from the same or similar units. A large database of FRA measurements can contribute to improving classification algorithms and lead to a more objective interpretation. Due to their destructive nature, mechanical deformations cannot be performed on real transformers to collect data from different scenarios. The use of simulation and laboratory transformer models is necessary. This research contribution is based on a new method using Finite Element Method simulation and a lumped element circuit to obtain FRA traces from a laboratory model at healthy and faulty states, along with an optimization method to improve capacitive parameters from estimated values. The results show that measured and simulated FRA traces are in good agreement. Furthermore, the faulty FRA traces were analyzed to obtain the characterization of faults based on the variation of the lumped element’s parameters. This supports the use of the proposed method in the generation of faulty frequency response traces and its further use in classifying and localizing faults in the transformer windings. The proposed approach is therefore tailored for generating a larger and unique database of FRA traces with industrial importance and academic significance

Towards the Objective Identification of the Presence of Pain Based on Electroencephalography Signals’ Analysis: A Proof-of-Concept

This proof-of-concept study explores the potential of developing objective pain identification based on the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Data were collected from participants living with chronic fibromyalgia pain (n = 4) and from healthy volunteers (n = 7) submitted to experimental pain by the application of capsaicin cream (1%) on the right upper trapezius. This data collection was conducted in two parts: (1) baseline measures including pain intensity and EEG signals, with the participant at rest; (2) active measures collected under the execution of a visuo-motor task, including EEG signals and the task performance index. The main measure for the objective identification of the presence of pain was the coefficient of variation of the upper envelope (CVUE) of the EEG signal from left fronto-central (FC5) and left temporal (T7) electrodes, in alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz) and gamma (30–43 Hz) frequency bands. The task performance index was also calculated. CVUE (%) was compared between groups: those with chronic fibromyalgia pain, healthy volunteers with “No pain” and healthy volunteers with experimentally-induced pain. The identification of the presence of pain was determined by an increased CVUE in beta (CVUEβ) from the EEG signals captured at the left FC5 electrode. More specifically, CVUEβ increased up to 20% in the pain condition at rest. In addition, no correlation was found between CVUEβ and pain intensity or the task performance index. These results support the objective identification of the presence of pain based on the quantification of the coefficient of variation of the upper envelope of the EEG signal

tDCS Task-Oriented Approach Improves Function in Individuals With Fibromyalgia Pain. A Pilot Study

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex pain syndrome accompanied by physical disability and loss of daily life activities. Evidences suggest that modulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves functional physical capacity in chronic pain conditions. However, the gain on physical function in people living with FM receiving tDCS is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether the tDCS task-oriented approach improves function and reduces pain in a single cohort of 10 FM. A total of 10 women with FM (60.4 ± 15.37 years old) were enrolled in an intervention including anodal tDCS delivered on M1 (2 mA from a constant stimulator for 20 min); simultaneously they performed a functional task. The anode was placed on the contralateral hemisphere of the dominant hand. Outcome assessments were done before the stimulation, immediately after stimulation and 30 min after the end of tDCS. The same protocol was applied in subsequent sessions. A total of five consecutive days of tDCS were completed. The main outcomes were the number of repetitions achieved and time in active practice to evaluate functional physical task performance such as intensity of the pain (visual analog scale) and level of fatigue (Borg scale). After 5 days of tDCS, the number of repetitions achieved significantly increased by 49% (p = 0.012). No change was observed in active practice time. No increase in pain was observed despite the mobility of the painful parts of the body. These results are encouraging since an increase in pain due to the mobilization of painful body parts could have been observed at the end of the 5th day of the experiment. These results support the use of tDCS in task-based rehabilitation